|
|
|
|
LISTING
OF CHINESE VECTOR (HYPERBOLIC) SLIDE RULES |
|
|
|
|
December
18, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
by Richard Smith Hughes
and William K. Robinson |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maker, Name and Other
Information |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(See the footnotes below
this list for sources of information; and for explanations of symbols used,
and for values of the different gauge and cursor marks). |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
CHINA
BEIJING |
|
|
6681 Haiou Pai (Seagull) |
See Haiou Pai on this
list |
25 cm.; Plastic; Cursor
is not framed. Has fixed plastic end
brackets and rubber feet. |
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || Ln01, Ln02, Ln03, DF || CF, CIF, H, CI, C ||
D, LL3, LL2, LL1 || |
|
|
Back scales: || L, Sh1, Sh2, A || B,
T, ST, S, C || D, P, Th,
Ch || |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Need gauge marks and
cursor lines information as pictures do not show this detail. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
CHINA BEIJING
LIXUE |
|
|
|
No number |
|
|
|
Same as listed under Sida (China) 1083 |
|
|
|
Has same scales as K&E 4083-3 (1939-1946) |
|
|
R. H. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
CHINA SHANGHAI |
|
|
|
Cultural Revolution Slide
Rule 1002 |
|
This appears to be a
renamed Flying Fish 1002 |
|
|
|
eBay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
CHINA SHANGHAI |
|
|
1015-1 |
|
Maybe same as listing
under Flying Fish 1015-1 |
|
eBay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Do not have a picture or
manual for this slide rule. Hopp does not list it. Need complete information:
listing of details of dimensions, physical appearance, scales, gauge
marks,cursor lines, etc. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
CHINA SHANGHAI |
|
|
1018 |
|
|
Maybe same as listing
under Flying Fish 1018 |
|
eBay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Do not have a picture or
manual for this slide rule. Hopp does not list it. Need complete information:
listing of details of dimensions, physical appearance, scales, gauge
marks,cursor lines, etc. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
CHINA SHANGHAI |
|
|
5891 |
|
|
|
See this listed under
Shanghai (China) 5891 |
Has same scales as
K&E 4083-3 (1955-1961) |
R. H. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
DING FENG (China) |
|
|
Slide Rule
has no ID No. or name on it; Box has No. 5471 |
25 cm.; Plastic face on
laminated wood; Cursor is framed; Adjustable metal end brackets. |
R. H. & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales:|| 2D, L, K, A || Tan&Cot, Sin&Cos,
H’, CI, C || D, Th, Sh1, Sh2 || |
|
CF and DF are folded at
π. |
Back scales: || LL1I, LL2I, LL3I, DF || CF, CIF, H, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2, LL1|| |
|
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: on front C scale are the marks lo and R. On back p is on the DF scale. |
|
|
|
|
|
Cursor Front and Back: has no marks. |
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
DING FENG (China) |
|
|
No. 5471 Duplex Vector |
|
Source: Hopp page 161 |
25 cm.; Plastic face on
laminated wood; Cursor is framed. |
PMH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || Th, L, K, A || B, S,
H, T, C || D, DI, Sh2, Sh1 || |
|
Back scales: || LL01, LL02, LL03, DF
|| CF, CIF, H, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2, LL1|| |
|
eBay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: Need information |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cursor Front and Back: Need
information. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
DING FENG (China) |
|
|
No. 5571 |
|
25 cm; Plastic face on
laminated wood ;Cursor is not framed; Adjustable metal end brackets. |
R. H. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales:|| 2D, L, K, A || Tan&Cot, Sin&Cos,
H’, CI, C || D, Th, Sh1, Sh2 || |
|
CF and DF are folded at √ 10 |
Back scales: || LL1I, LL2I, LL3I, DF || CF, CIF, H, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2, LL1|| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: on front C scale has the mark R. On back p is
on the DF scale. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cursor Front and Back: has no marks. |
|
|
|
|
10 |
DING FENG (China) |
|
|
No. 5651 |
|
Scales were hard to read
on eBAY, but seem similar to the one above with no ID No. |
eBay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Do not have a picture or
manual for this slide rule. Hopp does not list it. Need complete information:
listing of details of dimensions, physical appearance, scales, gauge
marks,cursor lines, etc. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 |
DING FENG (China) |
|
|
No. 5810 |
|
25 cm; Plastic face on
wood ;Cursor is not framed; Adjustable metal end brackets. |
R. H. & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || LL1I, LL2I, LL3I, DF || CF, CIF, H, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2, LL1|| |
|
CF and DF are folded at √ 10 |
Back scales: || Th, L, K, A || B,
S&S, H', T&T, C || D, DI, Sh2, Sh1 || |
|
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, and B back scales; and
C, D, and DF front scales; The marks 1° and R are on back scale C;
unknown mark v is at 4.2 on K |
|
Cursor Front and Back: has no marks. |
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
DING FENG (China) |
|
|
No. 5852 |
|
|
|
PVM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Do not have a picture or
manual for this slide rule. Hopp does not list it. Need complete information:
listing of details of dimensions, physical appearance, scales, gauge
marks,cursor lines, etc. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
FLYING FISH (China) |
|
No. 1002 |
|
|
25 cm.; Plastic; Cursor
is not framed. Has fixed plastic end
brackets. |
|
R. H. & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || Ln1I, Ln2I, Ln3I, DF || CF, CIF, H2, H3, CI, C || D, Ln3, Ln2, Ln1|| |
CF is folded at √
10 |
Back scales: || sh2, sh3, K, A || B,
sin2cos2, H'2, tg2ctg2,
tg3ctg3, C || D, DI, lg, th2 || |
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, B, C, D, and DF; p/4 is on A and B; 1° and R are on C and D; v on K. |
Cursor Front: Has KW at top middle; HP(**) is at right and p/4 left over the A & B scales. |
Cursor Back: has no marks. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
FLYING FISH (China) |
|
No. 1003 |
|
25 cm.; Plastic; Cursor
is not framed. Has fixed plastic end
brackets. |
|
R. H. & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front Scales: || lnI-2, lnI-1, lnI0, lnI1, DF || CF, CIF, H0, H1, H'0, CI, C || D, ln1, ln0, ln-1, ln-2 || |
CF is folded at √
10 |
Back scales: || sho, sh1, cu1, cu2, cu3 || lq1-1, tgoctgo, tg1ctg1, tg2ctg2, sinocoso, srt-1cos-1ctg-1, C || |
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on C, D, and DF; v and
s are on CI. |
(Variations exist with v,
v1, and s on scale C) |
Cursor Front and Back: has no marks. |
Back scales (Continued): || D, sq2, sq1, tho, ch1 || |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
FLYING FISH (China) |
|
No. 1004 |
|
25 cm.; Plastic; Cursor
is not framed. Has fixed plastic end
brackets. |
|
R. H. & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || Th, Ch, K, A || B,
T&T, ST&ST, S&S, C || D, DI,
Sh2, Sh1 || |
|
CF and DF are folded at p |
Back scales: || LL01, LL02, LL03, DF || CF, CIF, L, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2, LL1|| |
|
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, B, C, D, CF, and DF; p/4 is on A and B; v is on K. |
Cursor Front: Has KW at top middle; HP(**) is at right and p/4 left over the A & B scales. |
Cursor Back: has no marks. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 |
FLYING FISH (China) |
|
No. 1009 |
|
25 cm.; Plastic; Cursor
is not framed. Has fixed plastic end
brackets. |
|
R. H. & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || Sh1, Sh2, K, A || B, T&T,
ST, S&S, C || D, DI, P, Th || |
|
CF is folded at √
10 |
Back scales: || LL01, LL02, LL03, DF || CF, CIF, L, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2, LL1|| |
|
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, B, C, D, and DF; p/4 is on A and B; v is on K. |
Cursor Front: Has KW at top middle;
HP(**) is at right and p/4 on left over the A & B scales. |
Cursor Back: has no marks. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17 |
FLYING FISH (China) |
|
No. 1015 and 1015-1 |
|
25 cm.; Plastic; Cursor
is not framed. Has fixed plastic end
brackets. |
|
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || Sh1, Sh2, K, A || B, T&T,
ST, S&S, C ||
D, DI, L, Th || |
|
CF is folded at √
10 |
Back scales: || LL/1, LL/2, LL/3, DF || CF, CIF, H, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2, LL1|| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, B, C, D,and DF. |
|
|
Cursor Front: p/4 on left
and HP(**) on right over the A & B scales. |
|
|
Cursor Back: has no marks. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
FLYING FISH (China) |
|
No. 1018 Electricians
slide rule |
|
Source: Hopp page 174 |
(See Shanghai China No. 1018) |
|
R. H. & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front Scales: || q°, Rq, P', P
|| Q, QI, L, I ||
J, J', T, Gq || |
|
This has Gudermannian
scales. |
Back Scales: || lnI-1, lnI0, lnI1, K1, A1 || B1, tgoctgo,sinocoso, C || D, DI, ln1, ln0, ln-1 || |
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A1, B1, C, and D; p/4
is on A1 and B1; 1° and R are on scales C and D; 1/R is on B1 |
Cursor Front: has no marks. |
Cursor Back: p/4 on left
and HP(**) on right over the A & B scales. |
|
|
|
|
|
19 |
FLYING FISH (China) |
|
No. 1200 |
(Pocket Slide Rule) |
|
12.5 cm.; Plastic; Cursor
is not framed. Has fixed plastic end
brackets. |
|
R. H. & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front Scales: || lnI-1, lnI0, lnI1, DF || CF, CIF, sinocoso, H'0, CI, C || D, ln1, ln0, ln-1 || |
CF is folded at √
10 |
Back scales: || sho, sh1, K, A || B, srt-1cos-1ctg-1, tgoctgo, tg1ctg1, tg2ctg2, C || D, lg-1, tho, ch1 || |
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, B, C, D, and DF; R is on front C and D; v is on on K |
Cursor Front: has KW at top middle and HP(**) at right , and p/4 on left over the A & B scales. |
Cursor Back: has no marks. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 |
FLYING FISH (China) |
|
No. 6006 Electrical
Engineering Slide Rule |
1960 |
25cm.; Plastic; Cursor is
framed. Adjustable metal brackets. |
|
|
From |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front Scales: || db, Neper, Volt, Dynamo, A || B, T&T, S&S, C
|| D, K, P, L || |
|
|
|
Back scales: || Sh1, Sh2, Th, Ch, DF
|| CF, CIF, CI, C || D,
LL3, LL2, LL1 || |
|
Chinese |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, B, C, D, and CI; p/4 is on A
and B; C, 1°, ', ", C1, and R
are on scales C and D. There appear to be other marks that are unknown. |
Cursor Front: has three unknown marks. |
Internet |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This slide rule was
discovered on a Chinese Internet site. The pictures were clear enough to read
the scales, but not clear enough to read all of the gauge marks on the scales
and cursor. |
Cursor Back: has no marks. |
Site |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21 |
Gong Si He Ying (China) |
|
No Number (Called Rose
Wood Slide Rule) |
|
25cm.; Plastic face on
wood ; Cursor is not framed. Adjustable metal brackets. |
Similar to K&E 4083-3 (1955-1961) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || LL02, LL03, DF || CF, CIF, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2|| |
|
Back scales: || Sh1, Sh2, Th, A || B,
T&T, SRT, S&S || D, DI, LL01, LL1 || |
|
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, B, CF, and DF; p /4 is on A and B
scales; The mark 1° is on scale SRT. |
|
|
|
|
Cursor Front and Back: has no marks. |
|
|
|
|
|
22 |
HAIOU PAI (China) |
|
|
No. 6531 |
|
25cm.; Plastic; Cursor is
not framed. Adjustable metal brackets. |
|
R. H. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || LL01, LL02, LL03, DF || CF, CIF, L, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2, LL1|| |
|
Back scales: || Th, K, A || B, T&T, ST, S&S, C || D, DI,
Sh2, Sh1 || |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, B, C, D, CF, DF, CI, DI, and CIF. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cursor Front: There is a mark on the right over the CF & DF scales for
mutiplication of C and D by 36. |
Cursor Back: Has marks HP(**)
at right , and p/4 on left
over the A and B scales. On right
over C and D scales is √ 4/p |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23 |
HAIOU PAI (China) |
|
|
No. 6631 |
|
|
|
PVM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Do not have a picture or
manual for this slide rule. Hopp does not list it. Need complete information:
listing of details of dimensions, physical appearance, scales, gauge
marks,cursor lines, etc. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24 |
HAIOU PAI (China) |
|
|
No. 6681 Haiou (Seagull) |
|
25cm.; Plastic; Cursor is
not framed. Has fixed plastic end
brackets on one side only. |
R. H. & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || LL01, LL02, LL03, DF || CF, CIF, H, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2, LL1|| |
|
Back scales: || L, Sh1, Sh2, A ||
B, T&T, ST, S&S, C || D, P,
Th, Ch || |
|
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p
is on A, B, C, D, CF, DF, CI, and CIF; ' and " are on ST. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cursor Front: There is a mark on the right over the CF & DF scales for
mutiplication of C and D by 36. |
Cursor Back: Has marks HP(**)
at right , and p/4 on left
over the A and B scales. On right
over C and D scales is √ 4/p |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25 |
HANGZHOU JIANG or HANGZHOU JIANG SHI YI XING (China) |
|
No Number |
See Jiang |
25 cm.; Photo plastic
face on wood; Cursor is not framed.
Is not duplex; no scales or cursor on back side. |
R. H. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This has same scales as
JIANG 6171 (Pat. 129). Probably is same slide rule, but with different
cursor. |
Cursor : Has two lines over C, D, CI, LL2, and LL3; with left line
over 1, center line is over 1.19, and right line over 1.341. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
26 |
HUA FANG (China) |
|
|
No Number |
|
|
|
Need complete information
with listing of details of scales, gauge marks and cursor lines. |
PVM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
27 |
JIANG (China) |
JIANGSHI type B |
No. 6171 PAT 129 |
Designed by Jiang Dequ
1940 |
25 cm.; Photo plastic
face on wood; Cursor is framed. Is
not duplex; no scales or cursor on back side. |
R. H. & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scales listed on left
side: || LL1, CU,
(T)&(T) || B, S&S, SH, CI, C || D, LL2, LL3|| |
|
|
Scales listed on right
side: || LL1, L, CT
|| B, CS, TH, C || D, LL2, LL3|| |
See Hangzhou Jiang |
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: The marks r
, and ' and " are on scales C and D. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note: There are a number
of various gauge marks, scale markings, and auxillary small scales used to
calculate hyperbolic functions and other unknown values. |
|
|
Cursor: Has no marks. |
|
|
|
|
|
28 |
Paper Slide Rule (CHINA) |
|
No Number and unknown Name |
|
25 cm.; Paper face glued
to wood ; Cursor is not framed; adjustable metal brackets. |
R. H. & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || L, LL1, DF || CF,
CIF, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2|| |
Very crudely made -
scales are all black color |
|
Back scales: || LL0, LL00, A || B, T,
ST, S || D, Th, Sh2, Sh1|| |
Similar to early K&E
4083-3 (1939-1946) |
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, B, CF, and DF; p /4 is on A and B
scales; The marks 1°, ' and "
are on scale ST. |
|
|
|
|
Cursor Front and Back: has no marks. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29 |
QUIFAN (CHINA) |
Rose Wood Slide Rule |
Has no Model
No. ( QUIFAN Instrument Industrial Group). |
|
See Gong Si He Ying on
this list |
|
|
|
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 |
RUYI (Chinese Shanghai) |
|
Model No. 1002 |
|
|
25 cm.; Plastic; Cursor is not
framed. Has adjustable metal
brackets. |
|
|
Similar to Flying Fish 1002 |
R. H. & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || Ln1I, Ln2I, Ln3I, DF || CF, CIF, H2, H3, CI, C || D, Ln3, Ln2, Ln1|| |
CF is folded at √
10 |
Back scales: || sh2, sh3, K, A || B,
sin2cos2, H'2, tg2ctg2,
tg3ctg3, C || D, DI, lg, th2 || |
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, B, C, D, and DF; p/4 is on A and B; 1° and R are on C and D; v on K. |
|
Cursor Front: Has KW at top middle; HP(**) is at right over the A & B scales. |
Cursor Back: has no marks. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31 |
RUYI (Chinese Shanghai) |
|
Model No. 1009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Same as Flying Fish 1009 |
R. H. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32 |
RUYI (Chinese Shanghai) |
|
Model No. 1015-1 |
|
25 cm.; Plastic; Cursor
is not framed. Has fixed plastic end
brackets. |
|
R. H. & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || LL/1, LL/2, LL/3, DF || CF, CIF, H, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2, LL1|| |
|
CF is folded at √
10 |
Back scales: || Sh1, Sh2, K, A || B,
T&T, ST, S&S, C || D, DI, L, Th || |
|
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, B, C, D, and DF.
|
|
|
|
|
Cursor Back: has marks HP(**) on right, and p/4 on left over A & B scales. |
Cursor Back: has no marks. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
33 |
RUYI (Chinese Shanghai) |
|
Model No. 1083 |
|
25 cm.; Plastic; Cursor
is framed. Adjustable metal brackets. |
|
R. H. & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || L, LL1, DF || CF, CIF, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2|| |
|
CF and DF are folded at √ 10 |
Back scales: || LL0, LL00, A || B, T&T, ST, S&S || D, Th, Sh2, Sh1|| |
Similar to early K&E
4083-3 (1939-1946) |
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, B, CF and DF;
marks 1°, '
and " are on ST. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cursor Front and Back: has no marks. |
|
|
|
|
|
34 |
RUYI (Chinese Shanghai) |
|
Model No. 6201 |
|
Seems to be the same
as SIDA Model 6201 |
|
eBay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Do not have a picture or
manual for this slide rule. Hopp does not list it. Need complete information:
listing of details of dimensions, physical appearance, scales, gauge
marks,cursor lines, etc. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
35 |
SHANGHAI (China) |
|
|
Model No. 1002 |
There is no name on this
slide rule, only the number 1002. |
|
Seems to be the same as
Flying Fish 1002 |
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
36 |
SHANGHAI (China) |
|
|
Electricians Slide Rule No. 1018 |
|
Source: Hopp page 218. |
|
Same as Flying Fish 1018 |
|
|
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
37 |
SHANGHAI (China) |
|
Model No. 5891 |
|
|
See listing under China
Shanghai 5891 |
|
This has same scales as
K&E 4083-3 (1955-1961) |
R. H. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || LL02, LL03, DF || CF, CIF, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2|| |
|
Back scales: || Sh1, Sh2, Th, A || B,
T&T, SRT, S&S || D, DI, LL01, LL1 || |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on CF and DF. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cursor Front and Back: has no marks. |
|
|
|
|
|
38 |
SIDA (China) |
|
Model No. 1 |
|
Source: Hopp page 218 |
25 cm.; Plastic, Cursor
is not framed. Adjustable metal brackets. |
|
PMH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || L, LL1, DF || CF, CIF, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2|| |
|
|
Back scales: || LL0, LL00, A || B, T&T, ST, S&S || D, Th, Sh2, Sh1|| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Need complete information
with listing of details of scales, gauge marks and cursor lines. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39 |
SIDA (China) |
|
Model No. 1002 |
|
25 cm.; Plastic, Cursor
is not framed. Adjustable metal brackets. |
Similar to Flying Fish
& Ruyi 1002 |
R. H. & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || Ln1I,
Ln2I, Ln3I, DF || CF, CIF,
H2, H3, CI, C || D, Ln3, Ln2, Ln1|| |
CF is folded at √
10 |
Back scales: || sh2, sh3, K, A || B,
sin2cos2, H'2, tg2ctg2,
tg3ctg3, C || D, DI, lg, th2 || |
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, B, C, D, and DF.
Marks 1o
and R are on back scales C and D; p/4 is on A and B; v is on K. |
Cursor Front: no lines. |
Cursor Back: has line HP(**) on right over A and B scales. |
|
|
|
|
40 |
SIDA (China) |
|
|
Model No. 1009 |
|
|
Same as Flying Fish 1009 |
|
|
|
|
|
R. H. |
|
|
|
|
|
41 |
SIDA (China) |
|
Model No. 1012 |
|
|
|
PVM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Do not have a picture or
manual for this slide rule. Hopp does not list it. Need complete information:
listing of details of dimensions, physical appearance, scales, gauge
marks,cursor lines, etc. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
42 |
SIDA (China) |
|
Model No. 1015 |
|
25 cm.; Plastic; Cursor
is not framed. Has fixed plastic end
brackets. |
|
PVM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || LL/1, LL/2, LL/3, DF || CF, CIF, H, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2, LL1|| |
|
CF is folded at √
10 |
Back scales: || Sh2, Sh1, K, A || B,
T&T, ST, S&S, C || D, DI, L, Th || |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, B, C, D, and DF.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cursor Front and Back: has no marks. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
43 |
SIDA (China) |
|
Model No. 1015 - 1 |
|
|
|
PVM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || LL/1, LL/2, LL/3, DF || CF, CIF, H, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2, LL1|| |
|
CF is folded at √
10 |
Back scales: || Sh2, Sh1, K, A || B,
T&T, ST, S&S, C || D, DI, L, Th || |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, B, C, D, and DF.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cursor Front: no lines. |
Cursor Back: has marks HP(**) on right, and p/4 on left over A & B scales. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
44 |
SIDA (China) |
|
Model No. 1083 |
|
25 cm.; Plastic face on
laminated wood; Cursor is framed. Adjustable metal brackets. |
R. H. & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || L, LL1, DF || CF, CIF, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2|| |
|
|
Back scales: || LL0, LL00, A || B, T&T, ST, S&S || D, Th, Sh2, Sh1|| |
Similar to early K&E
4083-3 (1939-1946) |
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, B, CF and DF; p/4 is on A & B; marks 1°,
' and " are on ST. |
|
|
|
|
|
Cursor Front and Back: has no marks. |
|
|
|
|
|
45 |
SIDA (China) |
|
Model No. 5810 |
|
25 cm; Plastic face on
wood ;Cursor is not framed; Adjustable metal end brackets. |
R. H. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || LL1I, LL2I, LL3I, DF || CF, CIF, H, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2, LL1|| |
|
CF and DF are folded at
√ 10 |
Back scales: || Th, L, K, A || B,
S&S, H', T&T, C || D, DI, Sh2, Sh1 || |
|
Similar to Ding Feng 5810 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, B,
C, D, and DF; 1o and R are on A, B, and C. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cursor Front and Back: has no marks. |
|
|
|
|
|
46 |
SIDA (China) |
|
Model No. 6171 |
|
25 cm.; Plastic; Cursor
is not framed. Adjustable metal brackets. |
|
PVM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || Ln1I,
Ln2I, Ln3I, DF || CF, CIF,
H2, H3, CI, C || D, Ln3, Ln2, Ln1|| |
CF is folded at √
10 |
Back scales: || sh2, sh3, K, A || B,
sin2cos2, H'2, tg2ctg2,
tg3ctg3, C || D, DI, lg, th2 || |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, B,
C, D, and DF; 1o and R are on C&D. |
|
|
|
Similar to SIDA 1002. |
Cursor Front: has HP(**) line on
right. Cursor
Back: has no
lines |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
47 |
SIDA (China) |
|
Model No. 6201 |
|
25 cm.; Plastic on
laminated wood; Cursor is framed. Adjustable metal brackets. |
|
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || L, K, A || B, T&T, ST, S&S, C || D, Sh2, Sh1, Th || |
|
Back scales: || LLo1, LLo2, LLo3, DF || CF, CIF, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2, LL1|| |
(See also RUYI 6201) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, B,
C, D, CI, CF and DF; p/4 is
on A & B; c is on C; marks
1°, ' and " are on ST |
|
|
|
|
Cursor Front and Back: has no marks. |
|
|
|
|
|
48 |
XUESH (China) |
|
6171 bachelor |
|
|
PVM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Do not have a picture or
manual for this slide rule. Hopp does not list it. Need complete information:
listing of details of dimensions, physical appearance, scales, gauge
marks,cursor lines, etc. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
49 |
XUESH (China) |
|
6171 |
|
25 cm.; Plastic on
laminated wood; Cursor is not framed. Adjustable metal brackets. |
R. H. & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || lgln1I, lgln2I, lgln3I, DF || CF, CIF, H1, H2, CI, C || D, lgln3, lgln2, lgln1|| |
CF is folded at √
10 |
Back scales: || sh1, sh2, K, A || B,
sin&sin, H1 tg1&tg1,
tg2&tg2, C || D, DI, lg, th || |
WKR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on A, B,
C, D, and DF; p/4 is on A&B; 1o and R are on front C&D; v is on K; CF and DF are folded at
√ 10 on right side. |
|
Cursor Back: has HP(**) line on right. |
|
|
|
|
|
50 |
XUESHI (China) |
|
1572-K3 |
(Maybe XUESH, see above) |
|
25 cm.; Plastic on
laminated wood; Cursor is framed. Adjustable metal brackets. |
|
R. H. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Front scales: || LL02, LL03, DF || CF, CIF, CI, C || D, LL3, LL2 || |
|
Back scales: || Sh1, Sh2, Th, A || B, T, SRT, S || D, DI, LL01, LL1|| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gauge Marks on scales: p is on CF and DF. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cursor Front and Back: has no marks. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NOTES : |
|
|
|
|
|
|
On this list the
"Front" of the slide rule is where the Name and Number are most
prominently displayed. The "Front Cursor" is also on this side. |
There
are exceptions, such as where the name was on one side and the number on the |
|
|
|
|
other. On some, where we
had a copy of the instruction manual available, it said what was Front and
Back. |
Where there are two
entries such as "S & S"
it denotes there are Black and Red numbers on the same scale. This makes the scale |
|
|
|
|
actually two
scales. Usually one being the
complement of the other. As examples,
in the case of "S & S"
the degrees are shown as 10 80, and 70 20,
etc. At least one rule has Black and
Black complementary numbers. However,
all scales |
|
|
|
|
are in black where we do
not own or have a color picture of the slide rule. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
The CF and DF scales are all folded at p, unless noted that they are folded
at Ö 10, or other value. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The values of the
symbols and gauge marks on the slide rule scales and on the cursors are as
follows: (Note: Do not be confused as some marks look similar, but can have
different values). |
|
|
|
|
|
Note: Not all gauge marks
could be identified. Instead, where a mark is unknown, a numerical value is
shown. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
p = 3.14159 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
p / 4 =
0.7854 |
This is to aid in finding
the area of a circle by the formula;
A = p D2 /4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
v = p/6 = 0.5236 This mark is
on K scale and is used for calculating volume of sphere where V = (p/6) D3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
R or ρo or ρ = 180/p =
57.2958o (the
degrees in one radian) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
M = 1 / p = 0. 3183, or 100 / p = 31.83 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
C or C' = 4/p = 1.273 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
c or C = (√ 4/p) = 1.128 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
C1 = (√ 40/p) = 3.568 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marks for small angle
calculations are usually on ST and read on C: |
1o = 1.745 * 10 -2 = p / 180 ; |
The sine of one minute is
= 2.909 * 10 -4
;
the sine of one second is = 4.848 * 10 -6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'
or ρ' or 9' or δ' or ζ'
or Q' = minutes in a radian = 3437.74 = (180 x 60)/p |
|
If the mark ' is =
1.970, it is = 206,265 * (180/p) / 60 = 1.97 * 10 5 ; |
Where, 206,265 = (180 x 60 x 60) / p |
|
|
|
|
|
"
or ρ" or 9" or δ" or ζ" or
Q" = seconds in a radian = 206,265 = (180 x 60x 60)/p |
|
If the mark “ is =
1.182, it is = 206,265 * (180/p) =
1.182 * 10 7 ; |
Where, 206,265 = (180 x 60 x 60) / p |
|
|
|
|
|
ρ" or δ2 or ζ2 or Q2 = seconds in a radian (French decimal system 400) =
636,620 = (200 x 100 x 100)/p |
|
|
|
|
|
|
KW or kW stands for
Kilowatts. HP(*) stands for
Horsepower in U.S. and Great Britain.
HP(**) for Horsepower in Continental Europe. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
HP(*) (value for this
mark is = 1.341). Conversions are: Kilowatts (KW) times 1.341= HP(*); Ergs
per Second times 1.341 times 10-10 = HP(*). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
HP(**) (value for this
mark is = 1.358) for HP metric. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PS1 = factor is 1.33413 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PS2 = factor is 1.3599
(this is for HP metric) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SOURCES
OF INFORMATION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ( See far right hand margin on the listing for the source): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
eBay -
from pictures and listings of slide rules on eBay. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PMH - from
Peter M. Hopp's, book, "SLIDE RULES Their
History, Models, and Makers", Astragal Press,
1999. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PVM -
from Pierre Vander Meulen's article on "Hyperbolic
Functions on Slide Rules and Civil Engineering Applications", Autumn 2001 issue of the "Slide Rule GAZETTE" (UK);
and, from email pictures and information he furnished . |
|
|
|
|
R. H. - from the slide rule collection of Richard Smith Hughes . |
|
|
|
|
|
|
WKR -
from the slide rule collection of
William K. Robinson. |
|
For corrections and
additions to the listing email: wrobinson62@cox.net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
COMMENTS: ON THE CHINESE SLIDE RULES WITH HYPERBOLIC
SCALES: |
|
|
|
|
|
In the listing above
there are duplicates because of the confusion of the different manufacturers
names. Such as those under the names of CHINA SHANGHAI
and SHANGHAI
(China) that may not be manufacturers at all. |
|
|
|
|
|
There are many Chinese
slide rules and we expect more will be found and added to the list as time
goes by. Fortunately some of our
confusion in how to list these has been lessened by Liu Qinglin, a slide rule
collector and |
|
|
|
|
|
dealer,
who lives in Beijing. He informed us
that the SIDA company was formed in the 1930's. Then later in the 1960's united into the Shang
Hai factory. He says slide rules
listed as China Shanghai and Shanghai China
|
|
|
|
|
|
are the same maker, and
that Flying Fish and Ruyi are Trademarks..
Also, where the slide rule numbers are the same the scales are the
same layout. For example, the Flying Fish 1015 slide rule is the same as the
RUYI, SIDA, |
|
|
|
|
|
and
Shanghai (SHANG HAI) rules with the same number of 1015. We know his comment to be true for some
of the names, but as we only have a few of each of the various models for a
cross-check it has not been verified. |
|
|
|
|
|
Also, this information
only covers one manufacturer. What is the story about the other makers such
as Ding Feng, Haiou Pai, Hangzhou, Hua Fang, Jang, Xuesh and unknown others?
Who are they and where were they? |
|
|
|
|
|
This listing that is on
the JOS Plus web site (of Chinese slide rules with hyperbolic scales
(Vectors)) will be updated from time-to-time by Richard and myself as new
information comes in. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#REF! |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|